Brief history of zambia

Brief history of zambia. This is, however, an interesting, even exciting period in Zambia’s brief constitutional history. It can be noted from the brief literature on the school counselling in Zambia that it started with secondary schools at the time it was initiated in 1970. Constitution. Writing about any constitution is tricky business and that of Zambia is no exception. Through the first decade of the 21st century, the economy of Zambia was one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, and its capital, Lusaka, the fastest-growing city in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Defining tabloid press 23 1. Sep 20, 2017 · Using the example of Hugo Hinfelaar who captures women’s histories in his scholarly work, this article explores the representation of the place of women in the religio-cultural history of Zambia The Enhancement of Corporate Governance in Zambia through Company Law Reform by Kadidja Banda Computer #: Z1ALE954624/11/1 A Dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Laws (LLB). In the 15th century Bantu speaking tribes people migrated into the area. [3] Aug 4, 2021 · By Tim Lambert Early Zambia 1st Century AD Bushmen live in Zambia 4th Century AD Bantu speaking immigrants arrive in Zambia 12 Century The Iron Age Luanga culture exists in Zambia 1500 Organised kingdoms arise in Zambia 1851 David Livingstone is the first European to reach Zambia 1889 Cecil Rhodes sets up the South African… Continue reading A Timeline of Zambia Jun 7, 2023 · A Brief History of Zambia Zambia, located in southern Africa, gained independence from British colonial rule on October 24th, 1964. The next resident missionary to Zambia was Francois Coillard of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society. 1 day ago · Geographical and historical treatment of Zambia, a landlocked country in south-central Africa. Jul 1, 2001 · This paper presents the first documentation of the history of Zambia's oldest and largest national park: Kafue National Park. This was again changed at the end of 1988 to the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC). Theological Education by Extension in Zambia began in 1979 to address the same challenges, namely a church growing much faster than theological colleges could train pastors. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of the public role of Christianity in Zambia. In 1964 the government acquired the mineral rights of the BSAC, and This comprehensive survey of the history and status of education in Zambia contains a selection of readings from published material. The present Supreme Court building was unveiled by Queen Elizabeth on the 11th July, 1957. Area: 290,583 sq mi (752,612 sq km). ; 21 cm. One of the most notable events occurred in 1964 when the Republic of Zambia was established on 24 October, and Kenneth Kaunda became the country’s first President. The major focus of ZARI is to generate agricultural production technologies suitable for all farmer categories and varying farming environments. A detailed history of colonial administration and politics until the achievement of the Central African Federation in 1953. Consistent private sector-driven investment in the industry over a period of over 50 years in exploration, mine Jun 20, 2018 · The nation of Zambia has 73 tribes with the Bemba being the largest, making up approximately 36 per cent of the population. At 752,614 km 2 (290,586 sq mi) it is the 39th-largest country in the world, slightly smaller than Chile. The current work on Education in Zambia at Fifty Years of Independence and Beyond showcases and contributes to Zambia’s education literature as the country celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Zambia achieved Independence from Britain in 1964 as part of the program to dilute the power of white racists in Southern Rhodesia. Brief History. Some had come to mine surface BRIEF HISTORY OF ZAMBIAS BILL OF RIGHTS Zambia has had the Bill of Rights since 1964. Teen die laaste deel van daardie eeu was die verskillende volke van Zambië grootliks gevestig in die gebiede wat hulle tans beset. Zambia also boasts a rapidly growing young population, which presents significant opportunities for businesses looking to tap into the consumer market. Furthermore A Brief History Of Afghanistan (Brief History) Read more The Fractured Community: Landscapes of Power and Gender in Rural Zambia (Perspectives on Southern Africa) Jan 3, 2018 · A chronology of key events in the history of Zambia. After meeting with Lewanika, , Coillard returned to set up a mission station among them in early 1887, the first lasting missionary work in Zambia. Apr 25, 2017 · “Before the nineteenth century, there were no police forces that we would recognize as such anywhere in the world,” according to American history professor Sam Mitrani. 3. Mar 14, 2021 · The fate of Zambia changed dramatically in the late 1920s when rich underground deposits of copper and cobalt were discovered. i Table of contents ii Acknowledgements v Introduction vi Chapter I: Background and literature review 1 1. Mar 24, 2023 · Zambia, unlike most of its neighbours, has managed to avoid the war and upheaval that has marked much of Africa's post-colonial history, earning itself a reputation for political stability. History of Zambia. With a population of over 17 million people, Zambia is the 39th most populous country in the world. 100 traditional authorities in attendance agreed to raise money to send a joint delegation to London in 1952 to protest against the proposed federation of Nyasaland, Northern and Southern Rhodesia. 1951- The Northern African National Congress elects Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula as President. May 13, 2021 · 1964- Other than successful multiparty elections, a matter mars the country at the dawn of the new start. The plural legal system consists of general law based on Customary law, English law, and a variety of bodies of rules and practices generated by semi-autonomous social groups like the church. Institute for African Studies), University of Zambia Institute for African Studies Volume 13 of Communication / University of Zambia. Lusaka: UNZA Press [211] (d) The Future of Adult Education in Zambia . A brief history of Zambia's social cash transfer programme. At the next higher level, Zambia has 42 subordinate courts, presided over by 7 senior resident magistrates, 12 resident magistrates, 22 Class I magistrates, 30 Class II and 25 class III magistrates, appointed by the judicia23 The l service commission. 1. Zambia’s history is marked by several significant events that have shaped the country’s political, social, and economic landscape. 2 per cent) of its population is located in rural areas, often at low density and following sparse patterns of territorial occupation that accentuate challenges related to access to public services and markets. May 11, 2021 · 1949- Northern Rhodesian African Mineworkers’ Union formed with Lawrence Chola Katilungu as President. This is an introduction to Zambia’s Lozi people. A Brief History of Mainstream Christianity in Zambia The southern African nation of Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has a population in excess of thirteen million people and is generally considered to be a de facto Christian nation. Munampelu who 3 According to M’fundisi’s oral history, it came to Zambia in 1964. The mining sector contributed almost 50% of the Apr 9, 2024 · The Zambia Agribusiness and Trade Project (ZATP), is a flagship project that aims to deliver on the Jobs & Economic Transformation agenda. [1] The current flag is used as both national flag [2] and ensign. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of the country. The Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) is a Department in the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) which conducts Agricultural Research. The National Overseer Bishop Booker T. For anyone currently in Zambia, the following is a list of museums in Lusaka: Lusaka National Museum Independance Avenue, P. Read here to learn more about the life of Kenneth Kaunda. In 1977, this strategy was formalised with the formation of Tata Zambia, the first Tata group entity in Africa. May 21, 2021 · With a comfortable parliamentary majority, Kaunda remained focus on securing Zambia’s independence. TATA AFRICA HOLDINGS. 4. 1 Jul 3, 2021 · At independence on 24th October 1964, Zambia inherited a capitalist economic system which was dominated by foreign owned copper mining companies. 9. South African and American compani es (Rhodesian Selection Trust and Anglo-American . Through agricultural production, pottery, ritual, and healing, they performed valued tasks complementary to those of men. Internet and online press 32 1. That dream was finally realized on October 24, 1964, when Zambia became independent. On 14th September, 1973, the Supreme Court Act Chapter 27 of the Laws of Zambia was passed to provide for the constitution, procedure and jurisdiction of the Court. The document proposes that addressing these influences through inclusive Jul 3, 2019 · Formally the British colony of Northern Rhodesia, Zambia was developed purely for its vast copper resources. brief history of zambia mission Zambia Union Conference came from a Field status that was set up in 1921 with J. 7. Press in Zambia: Problem setting 49 1. co. The Beginning of Social Cash Transfers in Zambia. This paper seeks to explore the ecclesiastical and Zambia – formerly the territory of Northern Rhodesia - was administered by the British South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. Livingstone and permanent interpretive exhibitions on ethnology, natural history of the area and Zambia’s history. status and future prospects. The Bill of Rights was first incorporated for the first time in the Northern Rhodesia self government constitution of 1963. May 1, 2007 · The station in Lusaka was then known as the Zambia Broadcasting Corporation until 1966, when it changed to Zambia Broadcasting Services (ZBS). During two periods, two sectors of Zambia functioned as separate Fields: the area surrounding Chimpempe Mission in the current North Zambia Field (1926 – 1942) and Western On the African continent, TEE first spread to Ethiopia and Zambia in the 1970s. He and his wife had previously worked for twenty years among the Sotho peoples in South Africa. There were no guidance services for the learners in primary schools. Approximately twice as wide and twice as deep as Niagara Falls, it spans the entire breadth of the Zambezi River at one of its widest points (more than 5,500 feet). THE PARLIAMENT OF ZAMBIA 7 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ZAMBIAN PARLIAMENT The history of the Zambian Parliament dates back to 23rd May, 1924 when the first meeting of the Northern Rhodesia Parliament took place in Livingstone. Series Editors: Sharath Srinivasan, Stephanie DiepeveenThis background paper provides an overview of the history and context of interactive media and public opinion in Zambia. A brief history of Zambia’s Social Cash Transfer Programme 1 Introduction Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. 5. Four constitutions in 32 years hardly represents a settled state of affairs, and an end, or even a stopping place of long duration, does not appear in sight. jurisdiction of a subordinate court depends on it class ratings , and the type of magistrate Aug 23, 2018 · A year after Lumbe’s publication, Jason Kelvin Phiri , another Zambian, completed his PhD thesis on the study of ‘spirituality in emerging African Pentecostal churches in Zambia’s Christian and traditional religious context’. The history of Zambia experienced many stages from colonisation to independence from Britain on 24 October 1964. Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa, with a tropical climate, and consists mostly of high plateaus with some hills and mountains, dissected by river valleys. 2 per cent) of its population is located in rural areas, often at low density and following sparse patterns of territorial occupation that accentuate Nov 13, 2021 · xxvi, 221 p. Zambia is located in south-central Africa. The declaration of Zambia as Christian Nation toward the end of 1991 by President Fredrick Chiluba functioned as a catalysis and an epochal moment acceleration in pentecostal explosion in the country. This is an introduction to Zambia’s Bemba tribe. We started operations on the continent in 1969. This$40 million (2016-2024) initiative pivots on mainstreaming private sector led growth model whereby Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and smallholder farmers of Zambia are rendered competitive through improved access to markets and finance. 4 days ago · Zambia - Democracy, Constitution, Multiparty: Zambia’s initial constitution was abandoned in August 1973 when it became a one-party state. Copper prices rose steadily from 1964 to 1970, boosted by the Vietnam War, and Zambia became the world’s third largest producer of copper. The objective of the current study is to focus on the constitutional history of the Republic of Zambia till the application of the current version of the Constitution. Over half (58. before colonialism than assumed that the history of Zambia and of the African continent in general, was the history of Western imperial entrepreneurship (see, for examples, Gann 1964; Gann and Duignan 1967; Gelfand 1961). It is prepared as part of Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA) - a collaborative study involving the University of Cambridge, University of Nairobi and Brief History. Meanwhile, the leakage of copper profits abroad was greatly reduced. Telephone : 228005/ 228006. It wasn't until the middle of the 1800s that Europeans began to explore the area. 1 Brief History Zambia’s legal system combines unwritten customary law with post-colonial statutory law. Thus, Kaunda went on to become the first president of Zambia. However, roughly 2,000 years ago, the arrival of the migrating Bantu people from the Congo Basin saw a period of great change. Legend has it that the chief of the Luba tribe, Mukulumpe, married a woman named Mumbi Lyulu Mukasa who was of the crocodile clan (known as the Ng’andu clan). Primitive OriginsArchaeological evidence points to human habitation in the Lusaka region dating back to the 6th century, with the earliest known village emerging Mar 4, 2020 · This blog provides a brief overview of the programme’s targeting, benefit structure and governance, and the findings of impact evaluations between 2003 and 2016. Major Events in Zambia’s History. The readings and accompanying editorial notes highlight some key aspects of the background to education in Zambia and major factors that have influenced education development in the country over the years. This brief account begins, with history recorded, however sketchily, at the coming of the British The history of Zambia is a lengthy one, with the native Khoisans living here quite peacefully for many centuries as hunter-gatherers. The landlocked country is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small. Professional practice of the press 45 1. Fugindo do Mfecane. Northern Rhodesia became a British sphere of influence in the present-day region of Zambia in 1888, and was officially proclaimed a British protectorate in 1924. Victoria Falls, spectacular waterfall located about midway along the course of the Zambezi River, at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Among a population of perhaps one million, there were about 1,500 white residents. Henri Tayali Gallery A History of the Trade Union Movement in Zambia Up to 1968 Issue 13 of Communication (University of Zambia. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. 5 days ago · Zambia - Colonial Rule, Independence, Economy: At first the BSAC administered its territory north of the Zambezi in two parts, North-Eastern and North-Western Rhodesia. History of radio, television broadcasting in Zambia & the producer's manual ISBN 9789982074889 9982074881. Librarian view | Catkey: 10587939 Hours & locations; The national flag of Zambia was adopted upon independence on 24 October 1964, by the first Republican President Dr. He was assisted by Reuben Kamanga as vice president. In die 19de eeu was daar 'n bykomende toestroming deur Ngoni-volke uit die suide wat die Mfecane ontsnap het . 11: 2018:. “In the Northern United States, there was a system of elected constables and sheriffs, much more responsible to the population in a very direct way than the police are today. Livingstone’s journals can be seen on the Eyewitness To History site The museum in Livingstone (Zambia) has a comprehensive collection of memorabilia relating to Dr. W. UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA LUSAKA (2013) Jan 27, 2018 · and beyond‟ I n Masaiti, G. The constitution of the Second Republic provided for a “one-party participatory democracy,” with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) the only legal political party. [18] Jan 1, 2007 · The years between 1989 and 1991 may be regarded as the period during which the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) reached the height of its perceived influence in Zambian politics. history: several previous; latest adopted 24 August 1991, promulgated 30 August 1991 amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly in two separate readings at least 30 days apart; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms requires approval by at least one half of votes cast in a referendum prior to While Zambian pentecostalism existed since early 1950s, if not earlier, the movement only started making its presence felt from late 1980s. Useful for the history of the colonial administration but weak in other areas. The ZNBC is a Government department under the Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and Tourism. A History of the Bemba, 1973 . Corporation. In response to mounting pressures within the country, the constitution was The Evolution of Adult Education in Zambia from IndependenceTo-Date and Beyond Musonda Luchembe 197 Library and Information Science Education in Zambia: Issues and Trends During Pre- and Post-Independence Felesia Mulauzi and Benson Njobvu 213 Religious Education in Zambia at Fifty Years of Independence and Beyond: Achievements and Challenges Oct 25, 2012 · A History of Northern Rhodesia: Early Days to 1953. zm "Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. 1991 - Multi-party constitution adopted. Population: (2024 est Jun 17, 2023 · Zambia, officially known as the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. In 1911 these were united to form Northern Rhodesia, with its capital at Livingstone, near Victoria Falls. London: Chatto and Windus, 1964. Jun 1, 2016 · The Zambian copper mining industry as we know it today had its genesis in the 1920s. Its history dates back to ancient times when it was inhabited Oct 12, 2020 · Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2020-10-12 11:03:36 Boxid IA1965202 Camera USB PTP Class Camera Oct 18, 2019 · Education in Zambia at Fifty Years of Independence and Beyond with the focus on History, Current Status and Contemporary Issues is a comprehensive critical reference guide to education in Zambia. Kenneth David Kaunda. In terms of food consumption, 54. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2021-11-13 02:09:45 Bookplateleaf Oct 16, 2023 · Guidance Unit was created in 1981 and operated as a separate entity to be in charge of school guidance. Let's go on a voyage through time to unveil the enthralling narrative of Lusaka's remarkable transformation. Dec 1, 2017 · The history of physical education (PE) in Zambia follows the pattern of the history of education in Zambia. 2. 6. Roberts, Andrew. 4 per cent of the Brief History of Zambia: Zambia was originally inhabited by hunter-gatherer tribes thousands of years ago. Defining the press 6 1. Aug 22, 2024 · Kenneth Kaunda, Zambian politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. New York: Africana Jan 31, 2020 · Ontsnap die Mfecane. 5 million people in 2015. This paper presents the first documentation of the history of Zambia's oldest and largest national park: Kafue National Park. Press freedom 17 1. Institute for African Studies The document discusses how Zambia's history, geography, and culture have shaped its development path. 8. Jan 31, 2020 · A brief, introductory history of the African Country of Zambia, from the time of early humans to the present day. May 3, 2024 · Lusaka's evolution from a modest rural settlement to the vivacious capital of the Republic of Zambia is a captivating tale. The economic history of Zambia Abstract From the 1930s the economic history of Zambia has been dominated by the fortunes of its copper industry. 23 Kaunda The Making of Pentecostal Zambia: A Brief History of Pneumatic Spirituality Bishop Mambo (2017) argues “was duly elected by the Church of God in Zambia with overwhelming majority vote”, has been sued Jan 3, 2018 · A chronology of key events in the history of Zambia. Before that, Zambia was the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia and used a defaced Blue Ensign as its flag. History of Zambia, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Zambia, from prehistoric times to the present day. He is revered as the country’s founding president and as a hero of African liberation. They are the only tribe in Zambia with a King instead of a chief, and account for approximately 900,000 people. Am pleased with the brief introduction of our mother land ZAMBIA,it could have been unfair if this history was not reached to our Mar 14, 2022 · The Bemba tribe migrated into Zambia from the Luba Kingdom (present day Democratic Republic of Congo) during the Bantu Migration, which took place between the 15th and 17th centuries. The full history may never be written, for all too little is known of the pre-colonial period whose unrecorded history becomes more obscure with every adjustment to western ways and every move toward a developed industrialized society. Na última parte desse século, os vários povos da Zâmbia foram amplamente estabelecidos nas áreas que ocupam atualmente. 2 per cent) of its population is located in rural areas, often at low density and following sparse patterns of territorial occupation "Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. Wilson as first president with headquarters in Lusaka. 12 This study uses two charismatic churches that broke away from mainline churches as case studies: Bible Gospel Church in Africa (BIGOCA ) and Grace Outreach A brief history of Zambia’s Social Cash Transfer Programme Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. Zambia, officially Republic of Zambia formerly Northern Rhodesia, Landlocked country, south-central Africa. It outlines that Zambia's colonial history, natural resource wealth, landlocked position in Southern Africa, and cultural diversity have both benefited and posed challenges to its economic, political, and social progress. Political and Economic Liberalisation in Zambia 1991–2001 Lise Rakner The Nordic Africa Institute, 2003 RAKNER I Page 1 Wednesday, October 1, 2003 2:17 PM The Supreme Court of Zambia ranks equivalently with the Constitutional Court. Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) wins elections and its leader, Frederick Chiluba, becomes 1. P Arruda, L Dubois. Pedro Arruda & Laura Dubois, 2018. 1 Christianity is largely Zambian exports in 2006. Introduction 2 1. Constitutional History of the Republic of Zambia is very rich with original features worldwide. Brendan Carmody’s book on the Evolution of Education in Zambia in 2004 knitted these issues together and provided an update. The history of Zambia is a long and complex one, stretching back to the earliest days of human habitation in the region. It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. Zambia is a developing country, and it achieved middle-income status in 2011. Kitwe was founded as a copper mining center in 1936. In the middle of the twentieth century, copper-mining generated rapid export-led economic growth, raising real GDP per capita The history of women in Zambia is dynamic, complex, and varied. The constitutional normativity of this former protectorate remains actual. "A brief history of Zambia's social cash transfer programme," Policy Research Brief 62, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. May 3, 2019 · This chapter sets off to discuss four research aims which are: (1) an introduction on entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the remainder focusses on (2) an exploration of the social-political factors that shape the entrepreneurial landscape of Zambia (the focal SSA country); (3) a discussion of the status quo of entrepreneurial activities in the largest urban areas in Zambia; and (4 Apr 1, 2009 · Zambia, previously called Northern Rhodesia, was a colony of Great Britain until 1964, when it gained independence and changed its name. Given the denial of African history by the architects of colonial historiography, it is unsurprising that For those interested in history, extracts from Dr. Institute for African studies Issue 13 of University of Zambia. At this point, it was referred to as the Legislative Council (LEGICO). (ed. By 1939 Zambia was the world’s main source of copper and was potentially a rich country. Regulation of the press 36 1. Namwandwe Private Gallery Leopards’ Hill Road Lusaka. It is a landlocked country located in southern Africa and Jun 7, 2018 · Abstract: "Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. It was grouped with Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (Malawi) as part of a federation in 1953. Mar 9, 2004 · In fact, the various museums in Zambia help illustrate the evolution of art and sculpture in Zambia. ), Formal Education in Zambia at 50 years: History, current . On August 3 1964, over 1300 men, women and children, followers of Prophetess Lenshina (born Alice Mulenga Lubusha) and the Lumpa Church, have been massacred by state forces in what is termed as the Lumpa Uprising. Jan 7, 2001 · The first documentation of the history of Zambia's oldest and largest national park: Kafue National Park is presented and the movement of people out of the park is systematically presented. No século 19, houve um influxo adicional de povos Ngoni do sul, escapando do Mfecane. V. They have a unique history and a fascinating culture. A History of Zambia. Zambia is a lower-middle-income nation in Southern Africa, with a population estimated at 15. Independent press 9 1. David Livingstone visited in 1855 and found the waterfalls on the Zambezi River. Before colonization, the area was inhabited by various tribal Mar 30, 2023 · With a population of over 18 million, Zambia presents a vibrant market for entrepreneurs to tap into and make an impact. Study Jan 1, 2016 · Zambia has a long history o f mining which began under colonial rule in th e 1920s when . In the precolonial period, women held a range of influential positions in society. O Box 50491, Lusaka. Tata International is the torchbearer of the Tata group in Africa. History of Zambia - Independent Zambia: During the early years of independence, Zambia was comparatively prosperous. 3rd Floor, Citibank House Stand 4646, Elunda III Addis Ababa Roundabout Lusaka Tel: +260 211 234208 /234255 Fax: +260 211 233046 Email: bazsecretariat@baz. the history of zambia The Great Rift Valley, which runs from the Lower Zambezi River in southern Zambia to the headwaters of the Nile in Egypt, is known to be one of the cradles of the human race, and Zambia’s present population lives on lands that have been inhabited by their forebears for aeons. Thus, the history of PE in Zambia can be divided into the indigenous period, the Jul 11, 2018 · The Lozi tribe of Western Zambia are a proud people with a complex history. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, 2018. It was reproduced with minor amendments in 1964 Multi-Party Democratic (independence) Constitution. Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) wins elections and its leader, Frederick Chiluba, becomes 4 days ago · Zambia - Independence, Kaunda, Politics: During the early years of independence, Zambia was comparatively prosperous. 0. The movement of people out of the park is systematically presented. yym wnfq gvj qfgq dxlxjatg liad tgj hmyr hjqpza zhnoehi